Monkeys and apes have been used successfully in medical research for many decades. Medical Primatology discusses the history of this research, and the biological foundations of medical primatology. The book reviews primate taxonomy and evolution, using traditional data and recent experimental evidence from molecular biology, genetics and biomedicine that shows the need to place higher simians in the family of man. This comprehensive text links the use of simians in biomedical research to their kinship with humans. It is ideal for those involved in biological, anthropological, biomedical, clinical and pharmacological research on primates, and those in the biological sciences and medicine.