Rapid developments in the fields of Human Resource Management (HRM) and International HRM (IHRM) are being highlighted in the literature. There is also a continuous increase in the levels of globalization and internationalization of business. Over the last few decades, countries in the Middle East (mainly due to their petroleum resources) have attracted significant amounts of foreign direct investment. With the increase in globalization, both academics and practitioners are interested in learning about the nature of HRM systems prevalent in the region. Considering such facts, this book presents the HRM scenario in a number of countries in the Middle East. It aims to highlight the growth of personnel/HR function in these countries, their dominant HRM system(s), along with the influence of different factors on their HRM and the challenges faced by HR functions in these nations.