This multi-disciplinary volume weaves together the fields of biology, archaeology, anthropology, and history to produce an in-depth analysis of the biological history of past human populations. With contributions from a panel of experts, the book fully explores research methods, theoretical approaches, and the outcomes of research. Chapters include discussions on adaptation and the English demographic regime, warfare and population structure, and a human ecological approach to the interface of history and biology. A unique interlacing of human biology and history, this book presents a fresh perspective to the subject for students and professionals across all levels and disciplines.