This book contains mostly contributions by the invited lecturers at the 7th International Conference on Non-destructive Testing and Micro-Analysis for the Diagnostics and Conservation of the Cultural and Environmental Heritage. The analysis methods provide the chemical composition of cultural heritage artefacts to elucidate their provenance, the state of alteration as a result of exposure to the environment and the effectiveness of conservation and restoration strategies. The techniques are fully or nearly non-destructive, are portable or allow studying different parts of a heterogeneous work of art. The studied materials cover those relevant for cultural heritage.